A Missed Opportunity :: Personal Narrative Writing

A Missed Opportunity Every time we had visited Williamsburg, my mother had always wanted to see the famous Fife and Drum Corps. Dressed in full costume of red coats and tri-corner hats, these re-enactors parade down the Duke of Gloucester Street playing their instruments in a â€Å"call to arms† of the town’s militia. These men have always been one of the main attractions of Williamsburg and one of the symbols of the colonial area. They perform only once or twice a week and by either bad luck or fate, my mother has never actually seen them march. The single time that she did wait for their performance to start, it was cancelled due to bad weather. It was the second day of our family’s annual three-day trip to Colonial Williamsburg. We had spent the majority of the day strolling about the colonial area, and tensions were getting high. My brother, as the middle child, always picked the most inopportune times to annoy my sister, the youngest. After several near fights, my parents thought that a little separation was in order, at least until dinner. My mother suggested that we go see a program entitled â€Å"Dance: Our Dearest Diversion†. Of course, she knew that neither one of us would care to go see the show, being as uninterested in colonial dancing as a cat is of swimming. Per tradition, my brother and I had earlier in the day bought colonial styled games. He had chosen a handsome set of Fox and Geese, while I had decided on the more exotic and unknown Mancala. All the game consisted of was a flat board with fourteen pits on it, two of the pits being slightly larger than the rest. The bigger pits were at the ends of the board, and the other twelve were in two rows between them. Those pits had four stones (or flattened marbles) in them, and the object of the game was to capture the most stones. According to the little pamphlet that came with the game, Mancala required more mathematical reasoning than sheer luck. We had sat under the shade of one of the numerous trees that lined the main street of the colonial section, to try out my newly bought game and to rest my tired feet. The cool breeze soothed my scorched my neck as I contemplated my next move.

My role in globalized society Essay

Globalization is defined as the process of integration of philosophies, beliefs and other properties between different cultures (Albrow and King 1990, Giddens 1991). In modern society globalization plays an important role, whether it be on social, economic or cultural levels (Held et al. 1999). One of the key contributors to globalization is the mass media, in recent times this has occurred through cultural integration and the flow of information between different countries through mediums such as television, newspapers, film, music and newer technologies (Curran and Park 2000, Tomlinson 1999). With the development of new technologies, international cultural exchange will become easier, as has already been seen with Internet platforms such as Facebook and Twitter. Significant theories in media and communications have arisen through globalization these include modernity, developmental theories such as the network society and cultural imperialism (Held et al. 1999, Herman and McChesney 2004). This essay will be exploring these theories and concepts in international communications and globalization to better understand media and the media industries in the twenty-first century. It will also critically engage these theories with my personal views and understanding as a media and communications student as well as a global citizen. Early communication theories were based around modernization and development. Daniel Lerner’s early works on modernization focused on the dispersion of Western culture, technological improvements and innovation (Albrow and King 1990, Lerner 1958). In the 1960’s Wilbur Schramm furthered modernization theory, he explained that communication could be used to benefit developing nations both politically and economically (Curran and Park 2000, Schramm 1964). Since earlier modernization and developmental theories, the focus has been switched away from Western influences and diffusion, rather gaining a more neutral interpretation. Anthony Gid den’s attempts to discredit the original ‘media dependency theory’ by differentiating traditional and modern societies, explaining that although influences have played a role in globalization, over time people have ‘stretch[ed] further and further across space and time using mass media and interactive media (Giddens 1991).’ Historically Western influence has played a large role in everyday society, from politics to economics, in media this is seen through television, film and news. One of the major influences over  the past few decades is Hollywood and it’s byproducts (Miller 2001, Mingant 2012). Traditional Hollywood films, although focused for an American only target, were broadcasted throughout the world, where it was well received. These films consisted of American values and cultures, additionally the ‘cast and spectacular quality’ are the reasons behind strong popularity around the world for these Hollywood films (Mingant 2012). As a global citizen it is easy to recognize this influence since the local film industry isn’t as large and the majority of the ‘popular’ films are from Hollywood. But this trend is on the decline as we are seeing more and more international films from India and France as well as Eastern and European influences in Hollywood films. This has lead to an increasing significance of other ‘foreign markets in [this] globalized world’ which has to change is the global market (Miller 2001, Mingant 2012). Similar to modernization and developmental theories, cultural imperialism theories were based on US influence and impact on developing countries. Herbert Schiller, one of the main contributors to cultural imperialism in 1969, explained that the US gaining imperialistic control of developing countries through the media (Schiller 1969, Sparks 2007). This view was influential and opened the door for others to critique and further cultural imperialism theories. Oliver Boyd-Barred advanced cultural imperialism theory by suggesting that it was more than just ‘gaining control’ and more so a matter of inequality between different nations and this lead to ‘political and economic dependency’ (Boyd-Barrett 1977). Through local news media we can see the inequality of news reporting. The news is often Western dominated and shows hints of modern imperialism, whereas when developing countries are show in the news it is mainly related to corruption or tragedy. Over time this has lead to a bias image of these countries, which places the viewer with an inadequate understanding of the issue. Additionally, the developing nations are unable to produce their own mass media, and if they are they copy the formats of the Western world. As a global citizen it is easy to see the inequality between different nations and with such a large influence from countries like the US and UK, we are beginning to see the same stories covered over and over again. A perfect example is when an even occurs US, for example the shooting of a black teenager; this news is spread throughout the world even though there is very little interest from other countries (Reuters 2014). Where as when killing occurs in other parts of the world, for example recently in Gaza when thousands had died, it was barely covered in Western media (AAP 2014). This shows a heavy political influence on the media. Nonetheless, although not predominant in the Western world, I believe Al-Jazeera is becoming a news platform for developing and Eastern countries. These are ‘real worldwide’ news stories, which have an equal balance of news stories from all over the world. Additionally, these news stories are more informative and let the audience make their own view on the topic at hand. In this modern age we are going through a technological revolution, new media platforms are being produced every day and content creation is easier then ever. Social media is slowly taking over as the predominant medium and sites such as Facebook and Twitter are booming through more and more people joining as well as advertisement revenue. Through this boom we are seeing increased globalizati on across these platforms. Many worldwide issues are discussed on social media platforms such as Facebook and Twitter, from the FIFA World Cup, to the recent events in Ferguson, USA (Frier 2014, Reuters 2014). It is also important recognize that when going though these stories on social media, everyone is given an opportunity to present their own view. Outside of these social media platforms, users are able to access more worldwide news as well as create their own content. As a global citizen, I often see myself researching topics in much more detail to gain a better understanding of news and issues. I feel this is the best way to gain an accurate view. I have a Facebook, Twitter and Instagram and through these media platforms I see many issues being discussed. Social media and the Internet will slowly take over as the dominant form of information flow. Globalisation can be seen to have many benefits as well has having a negative side. Traditionally globalization meant influencing other global nations with respect to media, politics and economics. This was a global view during early media theory works. Only through the 1970’s did the globalization theories become questioned with claims of inequality and bias (Boyd-Barrett 1977, Schiller 1969). From these findings through to modern media we are seeing a slight move away from Western dominance of media. The concentration of media agencies is owned by a few people and although the US is no longer considered culturally imperialistic; the global media system is still yet to hit the developing nations. As a global citizen, the media is  complex system and without looking further into issues of media we are given a one sided story with bias.

Spinnaker Case Writeup - 643 Words

Element of Strategy Strategic Choice Rationale Target market Software in home educational its what the public Marketing segment of microcomp. industry. wants (edu. software), atari/commodore 64; Branding growing industry, little competition in edu. software Distribution direct sales force, sell directly to one of biggest assets, cheaper large retailers than offering 5% commission Manufacturing 13 ppl. full time; 140 ppl over very small cost, does Christmas season, $75K cost overrun only $75k Financial line of credit of 6mil at prime rate; in 1986 the home comp. indust- limit 80% recievables, potential ry will take off?, incredible relaxing pt, want 3-5 mil by†¦show more content†¦Why? The bank could possibly be uncertain of lending the money to Spinnaker because, of the uncertainty this third party development business will bring success wise. However, it does prove great potential with growing technology. PART 2 What are Bowman’s alternatives? Are they mutually exclusive or can some be done in parallel? * atari had asked Spinnaker to handle its whole software busioness, including program development, packaging design, advertising, ans store display * atari would just manufacture it would do it offshore at a low cost and take care of sales and dist. * proposal from Commodore to develop four programs for foreign languages for 350,000 and 12 educational products at 1 mil and pay royalty * proposal from atari to develop 47 products for 8.3 mil * sell part of company to large corporation For each option you should be prepared to speak to: What it will take resource-wise to execute on each option 1. go with atari: will need ability to produce 47 products with limited resources 2. commodore: ability to 4 programs 3. sell part of company: big loss of equity What is the time-frame required to make it happen 1. around a year, because will be releasing new system 2. around a year, becasue will be releasing new system What is the likelihood of success 1. uncertain, could take off with introduction of new system but trends and tech are always changing 2. uncertain, educational trends

Marijuana Should Be Legalized Essay - 929 Words

Marijuana Should Be Legalized. Drugs are a major influential force in our country today. The problem has gotten so out of hand that many options are being considered to control it or solve it. One of the most controversial issues facing our generation is if we should legalize marijuana. Usually, people do not know a great deal about marijuana they just considered it as any other drug. There is one thing people should know is that marijuana is not like the others drugs such as heroine or cocaine. But, marijuana is considered a drug, and in fact is illegal, due to number of reasons. For me, and so the various people who agree, marijuana is exceedingly comparable with other substances that are legal, mainly alcohol and tobacco, in†¦show more content†¦However, those who are against it think â€Å"there will be an increase in people using the drug and therefore a need to increase rehabilitation programs which will come at the cost of taxpayers and the government†. Maybe is right, people can smoke i t everyday. But, we all know that man and women are attracted by taboos, I mean everybody is attracted by forbidden things, especially teenagers. Actually, teenagers like to experiment anything outside the norm of society. If the government decides to legalize it, the physical damage created because of the drug abuse, can be control. Besides, the FDA or others could regulate the quality and safety of drugs. Many drug users become sick or die because of poorly-prepared products. After all, there is nothing to regulate what is sold and no way to sue anyone for product liability. By bringing marijuana into the legitimate business world, you can oversee production and regulate sales. Moreover, concerning business and sales, it could be a source of additional tax revenues. During a debate on that matter, one man said that, â€Å"An enormous amount of money is raised through government taxation of alcohol, cigarettes, and other sins. The legalization of marijuana would create another ite m that could be taxed. Im sure the government would have no problem spending all that extra money†. On the one hand, legalization would mean a lower price; thus, related crimes (like theft) would be reduced.Show MoreRelatedShould Marijuana Be Legalized?849 Words   |  4 Pageswhether marijuana should be legalized. Around 23 states have legalized marijuana for medical and recreational use. In the state of Illinois, medicinal use of marijuana has been passed on April 17, 2013. Since January 2014, patients are able to obtain marijuana with a doctor s recommendation. The new debate is whether marijuana should be legalized for the general public as a recreational drug. Although some believe that marijuana is harmless, and that it has beneficial medicinal uses, marijuana shouldRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1715 Words   |  7 PagesMarijuana in Society Cannabis, formally known as marijuana is a drug obtained from the tops, stems and leaves of the hemp plant cannabis. The drug is one of the most commonly used drugs in the world. Only substances like caffeine, nicotine and alcohol are used more (â€Å"Marijuana† 1). In the U. S. where some use it to feel â€Å"high† or get an escape from reality. The drug is referred to in many ways; weed, grass, pot, and or reefer are some common names used to describe the drug (â€Å"Marijuana† 1). Like mostRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1489 Words   |  6 Pagescannabis plant or marijuana is intended for use of a psychoactive drug or medicine. It is used for recreational or medical uses. In some religions, marijuana is predominantly used for spiritual purposes. Cannabis is indigenous to central and south Asia. Cannabis has been scientifically proven that you can not die from smoking marijuana. Marijuana should be legalized to help people with medical benefits, econo mic benefits, and criminal benefits. In eight states, marijuana was legalized for recreationalRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1245 Words   |  5 PagesMarijuana is a highly debatable topic that is rapidly gaining attention in society today.   Legalizing marijuana can benefit the economy of this nation through the creation of jobs, increased tax revenue, and a decrease in taxpayer money spent on law enforcement.   Ã‚  Many people would outlaw alcohol, cigarettes, fast food, gambling, and tanning beds because of the harmful effects they have on members of a society, but this is the United States of America; the land of the free and we should give peopleRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1010 Words   |  5 PagesThe legalization of marijuana became a heated political subject in the last few years. Twenty-one states in America have legalized medical marijuana. Colorado and Washington are the only states where marijuana can be purchased recreationally. Marijuana is the high THC level part of the cannabis plant, which gives users the â€Å"high† feeling. There is ample evidence that supports the argument that marijuana is beneficial. The government should legalize marijuana recreationally for three main reasonsRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1350 Words   |  6 Pagespolitics in the past decade would have to be the legalization of marijuana. The sale and production of marijuana have been legalized for medicinal uses in over twenty states and has been legalized for recreational uses in seven states. Despite the ongoing support for marijuana, it has yet to be fully legalized in the federal level due to cultural bias against â€Å"pot† smoking and the focus over its negative effects. However, legalizing marijuana has been proven to decrease the rate of incrimination in AmericaRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1231 Words   |  5 Pagesshows the positive benefits of marijuana, it remains illegal under federal law. In recent years, numerous states have defied federal law and legalized marijuana for both recreational and medicinal use. Arizona has legalized marijuana for medical use, but it still remains illegal to use recreationally. This is absurd, as the evidence gathered over the last few decades strongly supports the notion that it is safer than alcohol, a widely available substance. Marijuana being listed as a Schedule I drugRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized? Essay1457 Words   |  6 PagesSHOULD MARIJUANA BE LEGALIZED? Marijuana is a drug that has sparked much controversy over the past decade as to whether or not it should be legalized. People once thought of marijuana as a bad, mind-altering drug which changes a person’s personality which can lead to crime and violence through selling and buying it. In the past, the majority of citizens believed that marijuana is a harmful drug that should be kept off the market and out of the hands of the public. However, a recent study conductedRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1596 Words   |  7 Pages But what needs to be known before a user can safely and completely make the decision if trying Marijuana is a good idea? Many do not want the drug to be legalized because they claim that Cannabis is a â€Å"gateway drug†, meaning it will cause people to try harder drugs once their body builds up a resistance to Marijuana, because a stronger drug will be needed to reach a high state. This argument is often falsely related to the medical si de of the debate over legalization. It is claimed that this wouldRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?985 Words   |  4 PagesLegalize Marijuana Despite what people believe about marijuana, it hasn’t once proved to be the cause of any real issue. It makes you wonder what the reason as to why there is a war on drugs. Why is marijuana the main concern? Since the time that alcohol and tobacco became legal, people wonder why marijuana isn’t legal yet. The fact that marijuana is illegal is mainly caused by the amount of money, jobs, and pride invested in the drug war. Once the government starts anything, they stick to it. At

William Shakespeare s Hamlet - 1016 Words

Robin Talukder Mr.Chalmers ENG4UO June 12th 2015 Hamlet s Downward Spiral to Insanity through Unique Soliloquies The true soliloquy is a speech that an actor delivers alone onstage to either himself or an audience.. In William Shakespeare Hamlet, Hamlets soliloquies appears to generally reveal that he is pure but that he has adapted impulsive behaviour and enters his downfall into mental instability. Nonetheless, the soliloquies and set speeches have a fulfillment of place revealing much about Hamlet and his overall development in character. The first soliloquy is on Act 1, Scene 5, Lines 92-112. It is right after the ghost of Hamlet’s father leaves having charged hamlet with the duty of taking the revenge upon the murderer of his†¦show more content†¦Hamlet now refers to his mother as the â€Å"most pernicious woman† and to his uncle as a villain, a â€Å"smiling damned villain†. The second soliloquy is located on Act 1, Scene 2, Lines 129-59. This is after Queen Gerturde and King Claudius recommends Hamlet in the open court to throw off the deep sorrow, a tragic consequence of grieving his father s death which has lead him to obsession as well. Queen Gerturde and King Claudius believe that hamlet has abundantly suffered enough from the loss of his father. Before the soliloquy, Queen Gertrude and King announce their marriage and they think the court couldn t handle any more extra grief which upset Hamlet even more. The soliloquy gives evidence of Hamlets strong love for his dearest father and how important he was in his life. Furthermore, it shifts it s focus on the character of the dead, giving the presumption that he was an affectionate husband and a very admirable father. This soliloquy also points out that Queen Gerturde decides to marry King Hamlet s brother rather quickly, not taking into account that it may be too soon and ignoring a respectable time frame. Hamlet blames his mother for her lack of delay and he is worried about her having fallen to incestuous sheets [1.2.159]. His view to his mother, his dead father and his new father are all made understandable to the audience at this point. However, readers may guess mythical characters. His referral to the

Leadership And Change study of Artlink Australia †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Leadership And Change Artlink Australia. Answer: Introduction There is the need for organizations to endure changes that may be significant as well as traumatic so as to be able to survive in the business environment which is both dynamic and competitive. In the implementation of organizational change leadership plays some very crucial role. Leadership is defined as a process of influencing others so as to make them understand or even agree with whatever needs to be done and the manner in which it should be done as well as the process which facilitates collective and individual efforts needed to accomplish any shared objectives (Burnes and Jackson, 2011). Change is the fundamental and reorientation in the manner in which something or an organization operates. Body: Change management as a key element of leadership Relationship between change and leadership Many organizations have been affected by change which is a very challenging area. Such changes have to endure by organizations so as to survive in the business environment which is dynamic and competitive (Hughes et al., 2009). Any change has to be in alignment with the vale and culture of the organization and this in the end encourages desired results. To make change a success the leadership plays key roles. The transformation that comes with change is difficult and can easily result in things like resentment and resistance from employees. The change process is also affected by the fear of change that could be psychological or social especially if there is no technical expertise in handling this (Burnes and By, 2011). For the strategic change to be effective leaders have to be equipped with good skills. Themanagement also has to live with the fact that change is inevitable and they are the ones responsible in ensuring they overcome the resistance from employees as a result of change. This is achieved via change oriented leadership and sound management. Organizational change is mostly affected by changes in technology, globalization, andmanagement of knowledge and collaboration that is cross boundary. The change may be felt in the macro or external environment. In order to adapt to change organizations need visionaries that are innovative and creative (Rhodes et al., 2010). Any leader that needs to be effective must possess vision and purpose and should be able to manage people in situations that are tough, be able to motivate employees in achieving of goals and take responsibility as well as be accountable for the running of the organization. Believing in leaders come with excitement and this drives them in achieving targets. This indicates that a strong relationship exists between change and leadership. The role played by leadership is huge when it comes to reducing the resistance that comes with change and this ensures smooth implementation of change. Approaches to different Types of strategic change The main and first step in identifying change in a situation is whether this change is needed or not. In a situation where change is needed then one needs to clearly state the type of change needed. Change in any organization can be a big bang change or an incremental one. In a nut shell change can be as a result of the extent as to which its needed and the speed at which it should be applied. In regards to the extent it can be transformational or realignment and in terms of speed it can be incremental or big bang (Den Hond and Bakker, 2007). A change is referred to being incremental if its build on beliefs, skills or routines that bring efficiency. The big bang change occurs only on some occasions for instance in cases of crises. Extent of change Transformational realignment Evolution: this is a change that has to be implemented in a gradual way using initiatives that are inter- related. Its more of a proactive change with the future in mind. Adaptation: this change works on realigning the way an organization is supposed to work. Its implemented in a step wise manner Revolution: simultaneous initiatives are carried out when it comes to transformational change. It could be forced due to the competitive environment faced by the organization. Reconstruction: this is done as a realignment of how an organization operates with the smooth implementation o initiatives. Could be forced du e to changincompetitive context. Means of managing the changes Communication and education; these are the reasons and means for strategic change. The manner in which communication and education of strategic change is done is very key in managing the changes (Cohen and Keren, 2008). The needed change could end up being ineffective if there is some ineffective communication and misinformation. Participation and collaboration; all those that may be affected by change have to be involved in making strategic changes. They assist in the identification of issues, agendas and decisions needed. This assists in the increase of commitment and ownership of the changes (Rhodes et al., 2010). Intervention; this is where one has to coordinate and get authority on the changes that are to be made. The control is retained by the agent of change via interventions. Blockages and facilitators of change Blockages Fear of the unknown; change in an organization is investable and has positive effects on any business. However some people fear to embrace change because they are not aware of what the change will bring and so they tend to resist. Ineffective leadership; for any change to embraced by employees the leaders have to be in the forefront of ensuring this change is affected (Dunphy et al., 2007). Change begins with leaders and how they express their need for change to the employees matters a lot when it comes to embracing change. Broken communication; communication is important when change has to be effected in any organization and any broken or ineffective communication leads to poor adoption of changes for the betterment of the organization. Undue complexity; embracing change in huge organization can be a complex task and requires lengthy processes (Hughes et al., 2009).The scale and complexity of the change plan in itself can be a blockage for effective change in any organization. The challenge may seem too daunting to take on. Facilitators of change Managementfunctions; when the functions of management are to change, then change are inevitable for instance if the board of directors is changed or some exit then strategic change has to be embraced (Macleod and By, 2009). The existing strategies may have to be reviewed by the incoming management team. New ideas may be needed to take the businesses to the next level. Structural transformations; there may be need for the changes in the structure of an organization such as mergers, expansion to other markets which may call for realignment and strategic change. These transformations are meant to bring some alterations in the management and therefore the changes are inevitable. Competition; n many organizations competition from other businesses has always called for change. This is because urgent reviews of their working strategies are usually needed to keep up with the competitive business world (By, 2010). Socio-cultural factors; when such factors for the target market changes then the organization has to embrace change so that the strategic orientation of the business is clearly realigned to the changes in such factors. Laws; changes related to laws in terms of taxation, environment etc influences changes within an organization so as to work in line with the new changes on the laws that affect their business operations (Burnes and By, 2011). Technology; this may trigger changes in line with the inadequacy of presence of some form of technology. There may be need for acquisition of capital resources etc. Force field analysis sample in relation to change Source: Google images Different leadership styles for managing change The main types of leadership styles aimed at managing change include; Coercive style; such style of leadership expects a form of immediate compliance from the people they are leading. Such leaders are competent in achieving different results. This is best fit in crisis situations where change is required quickly. Its the least effective form of leadership because of the speed in which it operates. Authoritative style; this style is used by a leader that guides others in achieving avision and ensures the goals and strategies of the organization are followed (Kakabadse et al., 2007). Those being led are allowed to be innovative and take risks that lead to a sense of belonging. Its best fit in situations where change is needed in case of a new vision. Affiliation style; this is a human friendly leadership style. It creates harmony and also enables emotional bonds to be built. It considers communication as a key element and peoples opinions matters a lot. It motivates people in stressful situations. Democratic style; this leadership allows people to be participative and air their opinions (ABS, 2010). Trust, respect and commitment are built by the leader. Its good for a leader who is uncertain when it comes to decision making. Pace setting style; this leadership enables people to be ready for the future. High standards are set by the leader and people are expected to follow. Excellence is demanded and this may make employees feel overstretched beyond their capabilities. This is necessary if results needed are urgent. Coaching styles; this is where leaders aim at training others for future leadership. The employees are assisted to develop their skills. Its least used by leaders due to lack of time for the coaching sessions. Lassies faire; in this style of leadership, leaders influence members on a minimal scale. The responsibilities of a leader are shared uniformly (Burnes, 2009). Its effectiveness is reliant to good team work spirit and interpersonal relationships. Conclusion Leadership and change are inseparable. For any change to be effective and have positive impact on the growth of any organization then leadership styles have to be good. Good leaderships ensure a smooth transition and acceptance of change by the involved parties. References Den Hond, F. and Bakker, F.G. (2007). Ideologically motivated activism: how activist groups nfluence corporate social change activities, Academy of Management Review, 32(3), pp.901924. Burnes, B. (2009) Reflections: ethics and organisational change time for a return to Lewinian values, Journal of Change Management, 9(4), pp. 359381. Association of Business Schools (2010) ABS Academic Journal Quality Guide, version 4 (London: ABS). Burnes, B. and By, R.T. (2011) Leadership and change: the case for greater ethical clarity, ournal of Business Ethics (published online 2 November 2011, doi 10.1007/s10551-011- 1088-2). Rhodes, C., Pullen, A., Clegg, S. R. (2010). If I Should Fall From Grace: Stories of change and organizational ethics. Journal of Business Ethics, 91, 535551. By, R. T. (2010). Journal of change management: 10 years on. Journal of Change Management,10(1), 13. Kakabadse, A., Kakabadse, N., Lee-Davies, L. (2007). Three temptations of leaders.Leadership Organization Development Journal, 28(3), 196208. Burnes, B. and Jackson, P. (2011) Success and failure in organisational change: an exploration of the role of values, Journal of Change Management, 11(2), pp. 33162. Dunphy, D., Griffiths, A., Benn, S. (2007). Organizational change for corporate sustainability (2nd ed.). Routledge: London. Macleod, C. and By, R.T. (2009) Organizational change management in public services: key findings and emerging themes, in: R.T. By and C. Macleod (eds) Managing Organizational Change in Public Services: International Issues, Challenges and Cases, pp. 241249 (Routledge, UK: Milton Park). Cohen, A., Keren, D. (2008). Individual values and social exchange variables: Examining their relationship to and mutual effect on in-role performance and organizational citizenship behaviour. Group Organization Management, 33(4), 425452. Hughes, R. L., Ginnett, R. C., Curphy, G. J. (2009). Leadership: Enhancing the lessons of experience (6th ed.). Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill.

The Purpose Of This Paper Is To Offer An Analysis Of The Women Charact

The purpose of this paper is to offer an analysis of the women characters in the works of John Steinbeck, with a special emphasis placed on Elisa Allen, the main character in his short story, "The Chrysanthemums." Most of Steinbeck's fiction is concerned with his native California, with the Great Depression and how people endured it, and with the deprivation that farm workers in the west suffered generally (Beegel et al. 54). Many of his novels and short stories take place in the Salinas area, and his characters often reflect the values of the working people--a people willing to work hard, required to endure adversity, and simple in their needs and lifestyles. Steinbeck's Pulitzer Prize-winning novel, The Grapes of Wrath (1939) perhaps epitomizes this primary concern with "the people" and the land and how they lived their lives as farmers working the land ("Steinbeck" 2). This essay will offer a very short biographical sketch of Steinbeck, bringing out the themes that seemed to concern him the most. It will then examine three women characters from his other works, including Ma Joad and Rose from The Grapes of Wrath, (1939), and Ruth Tiflin, Jody's mother in "Leader of the People," (1945). These women characters have been selected because they help us to set the character of Elisa Allen into a context which emphasizes both her similarities to other Steinbeck women characters and those traits which make her distinctive as a ?Steinbeck woman.' It will be argued that Elisa Allen's appearance, actions, and speech depict some typical frustrations of a woman during Steinbeck's time, but that she is unique in her attempts to liberate herself from Steinbeck's typically masculine world (Renner 306). As such, Elisa Allen is Steinbeck's attempt to explore the authentic woman and her world, with all of its frustrations and yearnings for a freer existence. Steinbeck spent the Great Depression in a house given to him by his father in Pacific Grove, California, where he survived by living on the land. From this vantage point, he composed his first successful novel, Tortilla Flats (1935), a warmly humorous, episodic treatment of the lives of the Mexican-Indian-Caucasian mix people?the paisanos?who lived in the Salinas Valley and whose earthy, uninhibited lives provided a colorful contrast to the valley's more "respectable" society (Timmerman 84). Thus began a career of attending to the plights and concerns of the workers, and the themes of the workers vs. the bosses, townspeople vs. country people, and past vs. present. Steinbeck is concerned with the simple people who farm the lands, struggling to find a place for themselves in the world. His characters "glow with life," ("John Steinbeck Page") and reflect the simple passions of simpler times. Life is hard for these people, and the women are no exception. A perhaps typical ?Steinbeck woman' is Ma Joad, the mother of the family traveling west in The Grapes of Wrath. Ma Joad's strength is apparent in her muscular build, and in her actions and attitudes. Her strength is for her family, and she uses it to encourage them. For example, on the road, Ma Joad says to her starving children: "I'm gonna set this kettle out, an' you'll all get a little tas', but it ain't gonna do you no good. I can't he'p it. Can't keep it from you." (Grapes ). Her strengths are marshaled to help her family immigrate west. In contrast, we have Rose, abandoned by her husband Connie. Her baby is stillborn, "dropped dead," typical of the women too weak to endure the hardships of a life of deprivation. Ma Joan and Rose offer a stark contrast to each other, and help us to understand the kinds of women who populate Steinbeck's fiction. On the one hand, there are the "salt of the earth" women, the strong women who care about their men and who help them. On the other, the re are women who are too weak, psychologically or physically, to endure. Their kind is typically disdained by both the stronger women characters, and by the men. In "The Leader of the People," Ruth Tiflin, Jody's mother, is another ?Steinbeck woman.' Like Ma Joad, she uses her physical strength and her psychological insights to endure hardships and to fight for